Headquarters
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Darbari Seth Block, Core 6C,
India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road,
New Delhi - 110 003, India
India has operationalized the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), notified in June 2023 under the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022, establishing a domestic carbon market that builds on the earlier Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) framework. Administered by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) under the Ministry of Power, the scheme includes both a compliance mechanism for large “obligated entities” across key industrial sectors and a voluntary offset mechanism.
India, the world’s third-largest energy consumer, relies on fossil fuels for about 80 per cent of its energy needs, with coal dominating electricity generation (70 per cent) and expected to grow further despite renewable expansion targets. At the same time, India has committed to significant decarbonization goals, including a 47 per cent reduction in emissions intensity by 2035.
The adoption of electric vehicles in India is steadily increasing, driven by growing environmental awareness, supportive government policies, and subsidies. Among the key enablers of this transition, such as access to finance and consumer awareness, the availability of robust charging infrastructure, a skilled workforce, and structured training play a crucial role.
Beginning in November 2025, TERI has been assigned to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of works, including previous maintenance executed under the Haryana CAMPA in the years 2018–2023.
India’s transition toward climate-resilient and decentralized renewable energy (DRE) systems presents a significant opportunity to advance inclusive development. Across rural and peri-urban regions, DRE technologies are increasingly being promoted to improve energy access, strengthen livelihoods, and support climate adaptation.
The Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Rural Energy and Development (MGIRED) is a Karnataka government-supported institution focused on rural energy, sustainability, and natural resource management through training, research, and advisory services. It conducts capacity-building programs for diverse stakeholders, including local representatives, self-help groups (SHGs), youth, and government officials, with the aim of enhancing awareness and skill development. However, the absence of a structured follow-up system has limited insights into training outcomes.
The Green School project 2.0 is a pioneering collaboration between the Tata Steel Foundation (TSF) and TERI. This initiative aims to foster critical thinking, interdisciplinary learnings, and a profound understanding of environment conservation values amongst the students studying in schools operating in Tata Steel operational areas.
The Global Context: A Race Against Time
Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water) focuses on the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources while ensuring equitable access for coastal communities, particularly small-scale fishers. Key targets include addressing overfishing and Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing (Target 14.4), expanding marine conservation areas (Target 14.5), reforming harmful subsidies (Target 14.6), and strengthening market access for artisanal fishers (Target 14.b).
Towards Sustainable, Equitable, and Resilient Blue Growth
The Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water emphasizes the conservation and sustainable use of ocean and marine resources. Its targets include preventing overexploitation of fish stocks, conserving coastal and marine ecosystems, eliminating harmful fishing subsidies, and ensuring equitable access for small-scale fishers. Collectively, these objectives aim to promote sustainable fisheries, biodiversity conservation, and inclusive governance to safeguard ocean health and enhance coastal livelihoods.