Creating enabling environment for affordable delivery of sustainable electricity services: Case studies of Innovative techno-institutional models

Achieving universal electricity access has become a key policy objective for India as well for all other developing countries, especially after the launch of Sustainable Energy for All initiative of the United Nations. While governments have designed macro-scale policies and schemes for energy access; in recent year’s entrepreneurs, NGOs, and usergroups have been introducing innovations in designing energy access projects at more localized levels with varying degrees of success. The key to achieve sustainability in such projects lies within the “one size does not fit all” framework, which essentially means that for different levels of access and for different socio-economic geographies, the design must be adapted to their socio-technical, institutional, and business perspectives. This article aims at highlighting some methods by which an enabling environment can be created for different stakeholders in the energy access space through case examples of three projects.?