Land

Today, about 30% of the Earth's land is estimated to be already degraded due to unsustainable use. This further leads to the risk of millions of people being displaced by desertification over the coming decades. We focus on policy and technology solutions that prevent land degradation, restore and further enrich the quality of land, thereby improving livelihoods of people.

Land

NEW IN LAND

  • climate change uttarakhand

    Project

    Scoping Study of Aravalli Hills

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    urban-heat

    Project

    Evaluating Carbon Stock and Biodiversity Dynamics in Chemfab Alkalis Limited’s Plantations: A Comparative Study Across 2014, 2020 and 2025

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    urban-heat

    Project

    Developing Management Plan for Establishment of Green Belt at Utkal Alumina International Limited (UAIL), HINDALCO, Odisha

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  • climate change video

     

    Article

    Wetlands and Peatlands: India’s Overlooked Carbon Opportunity

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  • greenhouse gases

    Project

    Assessment of Carbon Stock in Grassland Ecosystems of Maharashtra

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Projects

Articles

COP17 Exposes the Governance Gap in Nature’s Genetic Economy

Mr Sayanta Ghosh

The Cali Fund’s limited contributions reveal why biodiversity benefit-sharing needs stronger institutional accountability, predictable financing and equitable returns for countries and communities.

Mangroves Need a New Financial Grammar

Mr Sayanta Ghosh

India must stop treating mangrove restoration as a plantation exercise and begin financing it as climate-resilient coastal infrastructure.

Restoring Land, Financing Hope

Mr Sayanta Ghosh

Achieving India's land restoration commitments will depend on mobilising public and private finance in ways that strengthen rural livelihoods while rebuilding ecological resilience.

Grasslands Are India’s Hidden Carbon Bank

Mr Sayanta Ghosh

As climate finance gains momentum globally, India must broaden its vision beyond forests and recognise the immense value of rangelands, soils, and pastoral livelihoods in addressing climate change.

Biodiversity Conservation Needs Finance, Not Just Intent

Mr Sayanta Ghosh
,
Dr Jitendra Vir Sharma

As the world marks the International Day for Biological Diversity, it is worth asking a simple but uncomfortable question: can biodiversity conservation succeed on moral appeal alone?

From Vulnerability to Viability: A Policy Pathway for India’s Forests

Mr Sayanta Ghosh

India’s forests are entering a decade of compounded risk. Longer dry spells, erratic rainfall, severe fire seasons, invasive spread, fragmentation and rising biomass pressure are no longer episodic concerns; they are structural realities.

Events

Counting What Counts

October 29, 2026
to October 29, 2026

Counting What Counts: Delivering & Demonstrating the Global Biodiversity Framework through Capacity-Enabled Forest Landscape Restoration, Community-Governed OECMs & an Integrated Monitoring Backbone

Financing Nature with Integrity: Building High-Integrity Biodiversity Credit Markets for the Global South

October 22, 2026
to October 22, 2026

The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), in collaboration with the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), Government of India, and Value Network Ventures (VNV), is organising a high-level side event titled “Financing Nature with Integrity: Building High-Integrity Biodiversity Credit Markets for the Global South” at CBD COP17 in Yerevan, Armenia, on 22 October 2026.

Restoring Ecosystems and Strengthening Communities: International Conference

October 8, 2026
to October 10, 2026

The international conference on “Restoring Ecosystems and Strengthening Communities” is jointly organised by GIZ, TERI, IUCN, ICIMOD, ICFRE, and FSI. The event is taking place from 8–10 October 2026 at the Sheraton New Delhi Hotel, Saket District Centre, New Delhi.

Unlocking Additional Income for Farmers through Agroforestry Carbon Finance

September 21, 2026
to September 21, 2026

Agroforestry represents one of India’s most compelling opportunities to align climate mitigation with rural income generation. Trees on farms deliver tangible ecological and agronomic co-benefits—such as timber, fruit, fodder, shade, and improved soil and water retention—while sequestering carbon.

News

India Has Farm Data, Where Is the Climate Finance?

October 25, 2026
| Mr Sayanta Ghosh
| Hindustan Times

India's expanding agricultural digital infrastructure can unlock climate finance, improve carbon-market MRV, support climate-linked credit and insurance, and create new income opportunities for farmers, writes Mr Sayanta Ghosh, Senior Associate Fellow, Land Resources Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI).

India’s tree finance must go beyond plantations

October 5, 2026
| Mr Sayanta Ghosh
| Policy Circle

India needs to move beyond plantation-centric tree finance towards innovative, ecosystem-based financing that supports biodiversity, restoration, carbon sequestration, and community livelihoods, writes Mr Sayanta Ghosh, Senior Associate Fellow, Land Resources Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI).

If India is spending crores on its cities, nature must count as infrastructure

September 21, 2026
| Mr Sayanta Ghosh
| The Quint

India’s urban financing should recognise wetlands, lakes, floodplains and green spaces as core infrastructure, integrating nature-based solutions with engineered systems to strengthen climate resilience and reduce urban risks, writes Mr Sayanta Ghosh, Senior Associate Fellow, Land Resources Division, The Energy and Resources Division, TERI.

South Asia’s Carbon Opportunity Is Bigger Than Credits

September 19, 2026
| Mr Sayanta Ghosh
| South Asia Monitor

South Asia can move beyond simply generating carbon credits and build a wider ecosystem around MRV, geospatial monitoring, verification, carbon accounting, finance and digital infrastructure, writes Mr Sayanta Ghosh, Senior Associate Fellow, Land Resources Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI).

BRICS should turn digital agriculture into a food-security public good

September 18, 2026
| Mr Sayanta Ghosh
| Global Agriculture

BRICS should promote digital agriculture as a shared public good through interoperable data systems, AI, satellite intelligence and farmer-centric technologies to strengthen food security and climate resilience, writes Mr Sayanta Ghosh, Senior Associate Fellow, Land Resources Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). 

Why carbon markets cannot close India’s nature-finance gap

September 17, 2026
| Mr Sayanta Ghosh
| Hindustan Times

Carbon markets alone cannot bridge India’s nature-finance gap; a diversified nature-finance framework combining public and private finance, biodiversity credits, ecosystem payments and blended capital is needed, writes Mr Sayanta Ghosh, Senior Associate Fellow, Land Resources Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi.

Policy

RESPONSIBLE AGRI PV: BASELINE ASSESSMENT REPORT Renkube Plant, Telangana

April 6, 2026

This brief summarizes the findings of the Responsible Agri-PV Baseline Assessment conducted by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) under the Responsible Energy Initiative (REI) India. The study examines an institutional agrivoltaics (Agri-PV) pilot implemented by Renkube Pvt. Ltd. in collaboration with Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU).

The primary focus of this assessment is to evaluate the feasibility of co-locating solar power generation with active agriculture in the semi-arid, water-stressed conditions typical of Telangana.

RESPONSIBLE AGRI PV BASELINE ASSESSMENT REPORT Khare Energy Plant, Madhya Pradesh

March 31, 2026

This report, prepared by TERI under the Responsible Energy Initiative (REI) India, assesses a farmer-led agrivoltaics (Agri‑PV) pilot at the Khare Energy Plant in Tikamgarh district, Madhya Pradesh. The study evaluates the project’s energy performance, agricultural outcomes, water use, financial viability, and socio-economic impacts, with the aim of understanding how Agri‑PV can support people‑centric and climate‑resilient renewable energy development in India.

Will India attain its forestry NDC target of achieving 2.5–3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030?

February 11, 2021

India's forestry NDC target is ambitious and therefore requires a well framed-strategy and a holistic approach to be accomplished. This policy brief presents an analysis of the impending challenges and summarizes the possible recommendations and a road map for meeting the NDC goals by 2030.

Innovative financial mechanisms to achieve additional 2.5–3.0 billion tonne of CO2e through additional forest and tree cover in India by 2030

February 11, 2021

India's forestry funds require a considerable increase in their allocation, along with other immediate reform in the forestry sector, to achieve the nation's forestry Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) target. This policy brief underlines the challenges in achieving the ambitious target of forestry NDCs while laying down recommendations and a roadmap focusing on the need for innovative financial mechanisms.

Scope and potential of coastal ecosystem towards mitigating climate change

February 11, 2021

The key role of blue carbon in mitigating climate change through coastal ecosystem habitats remains unrecognized and unutilized. This policy brief aims to assess this carbon sequestration and mitigation potential of coastal ecosystems for India to achieve its forestry NDC target.

Designing the methodology to establish minimum support prices of trees grown outside forests

February 11, 2021

Agroforestry systems in India have the potential of achieving two-thirds of the forestry sector's NDC targets. This policy brief aims at analysing the status, potential and needs of agroforestry in India and the benefits of providing MSP to farmers for the timber they produce.

Videos

Team

Senior Director, Water Waste and Natural Resources
Distinguished Fellow, Land Resources
Associate Director, Centre for Sustainable Land Management
Area Convenor, Centre for Geospatial Technology Application
Area Convenor, Centre for Sustainable Land Management
Area Convenor, Centre for Geospatial Applications 
Area Convenor at the Centre for Forest Management and Governance