Page 3 - Discussion Paper on Faecal Sludge Management in Urban India
P. 3
Discussion Paper
Figure 3: FSM in Urban India framework’. With regard to FSM, NUSP has very
Urban sanitation situation clearly outlined:
Containment Collection Transport Treatment Reuse/ i. Promoting proper disposal and treatment of
WC to Treated disposal sludge from on-site installations (septic tanks,
19% pit latrines, etc.);
50% sewer
33% ii. Ensuring that all human wastes are collected
safely, confined, and disposed of after
17% Leakage treatment so as not to cause any hazard to
public health or the environment;
On-site 50% Not treated
facility but unknown iii. Promoting proper functioning of network-
where it goes based sewerage systems and ensuring
41% Septi connections of households to them;
tanks,
cowred iv. Encourage recycle and reuse of treated
waste water for non-potable applications,
Open 41% 17% 14% wherever possible.
Local area and beyond,
9% detecation 9% Receiving NUSP initiated a framework for cities to prepare
(including via drains waters City Sanitation Plans (CSPs) under the scheme of
open pits) State Sanitation Strategy and introduced Urban
Sanitation Awards based on the benchmarking of
81% sanitation services in cities. However, the message
of NUSP received slow response from the states
Source: Census of India 2011 in terms of framing of septage-management
policies as NUSP guidelines remained very broad
infrastructure, and institutional capacity to safely and failed to provide specific suggestions for
contain, transport, treat, and dispose the faecal FSM, leaving further policy development and role
sludge accumulated at the household level and delegation to be done by the respective states. As
its rapid increase because of the zero-open of now, very few states such as Tamil Nadu and
defecation drive?” Gujarat (2014), Delhi (2015), and Odisha (2016) and
Maharashtra (2016) have developed their septage-
This discussion paper discusses and shares management guidelines. Box 1 highlights the key
insights on the current policies and practices aspects of Septage Policy developed by Odisha.
and explores the possibilities of effective and Apart from that, Ministry of Urban Development
integrated FSM in Indian cities. (MoUD) has recently released a primer on faecal
sludge and septage management (FSSM) as well
Policy and Regulatory as Rapid Assessment Tool to estimate the budget
Framework of FSM In India for FSSM. The Ministry aims to support 131
designated cities9 in India to implement citywide
Historically, the Government of India has focussed FSM. This tool gives an estimate of the financial
its Sanitation investments on centralized sewerage requirement of the city to put in place the
and treatment. A number of centrally sponsored necessary infrastructure for FSM. MoUD has also
schemes such as Jawaharlal Nehru National directed the states to assign responsibility of FSSM
Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), Urban to the respective ‘Water and Sanitation Board’ and
Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small rename these boards as ‘Water, Sanitation, and
and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT), Basic Services for Septage Board’.10
Urban Poor (BSUP), Rajiv Awas Yojna (RAY), etc.,
provided funds for asset creation in urban sanitation 9 Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India, Rapid Assessment Tool
sector, such as individual toilets, community of MoUD on FSSM, 2016.
toilet blocks, wastewater disposal, and treatment
facilities, at the city level. However, the National 10 Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), 2016. Circular to states - DO
Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) of 20088 brought No. MD-SBM/AA/63/2016. New Delhi: Government of India.
about a paradigm shift in India’s approach from
‘conventional centralized sewerage network’
approach of urban sanitation to a more ‘holistic
8 Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Government of India, 2008.
National Urban Sanitation Policy 2008. From http://www.moud.gov.
in/policies/NUSPpolicy, Accessed on July 3, 2016.
DECEMBER 2016 3
Figure 3: FSM in Urban India framework’. With regard to FSM, NUSP has very
Urban sanitation situation clearly outlined:
Containment Collection Transport Treatment Reuse/ i. Promoting proper disposal and treatment of
WC to Treated disposal sludge from on-site installations (septic tanks,
19% pit latrines, etc.);
50% sewer
33% ii. Ensuring that all human wastes are collected
safely, confined, and disposed of after
17% Leakage treatment so as not to cause any hazard to
public health or the environment;
On-site 50% Not treated
facility but unknown iii. Promoting proper functioning of network-
where it goes based sewerage systems and ensuring
41% Septi connections of households to them;
tanks,
cowred iv. Encourage recycle and reuse of treated
waste water for non-potable applications,
Open 41% 17% 14% wherever possible.
Local area and beyond,
9% detecation 9% Receiving NUSP initiated a framework for cities to prepare
(including via drains waters City Sanitation Plans (CSPs) under the scheme of
open pits) State Sanitation Strategy and introduced Urban
Sanitation Awards based on the benchmarking of
81% sanitation services in cities. However, the message
of NUSP received slow response from the states
Source: Census of India 2011 in terms of framing of septage-management
policies as NUSP guidelines remained very broad
infrastructure, and institutional capacity to safely and failed to provide specific suggestions for
contain, transport, treat, and dispose the faecal FSM, leaving further policy development and role
sludge accumulated at the household level and delegation to be done by the respective states. As
its rapid increase because of the zero-open of now, very few states such as Tamil Nadu and
defecation drive?” Gujarat (2014), Delhi (2015), and Odisha (2016) and
Maharashtra (2016) have developed their septage-
This discussion paper discusses and shares management guidelines. Box 1 highlights the key
insights on the current policies and practices aspects of Septage Policy developed by Odisha.
and explores the possibilities of effective and Apart from that, Ministry of Urban Development
integrated FSM in Indian cities. (MoUD) has recently released a primer on faecal
sludge and septage management (FSSM) as well
Policy and Regulatory as Rapid Assessment Tool to estimate the budget
Framework of FSM In India for FSSM. The Ministry aims to support 131
designated cities9 in India to implement citywide
Historically, the Government of India has focussed FSM. This tool gives an estimate of the financial
its Sanitation investments on centralized sewerage requirement of the city to put in place the
and treatment. A number of centrally sponsored necessary infrastructure for FSM. MoUD has also
schemes such as Jawaharlal Nehru National directed the states to assign responsibility of FSSM
Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), Urban to the respective ‘Water and Sanitation Board’ and
Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small rename these boards as ‘Water, Sanitation, and
and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT), Basic Services for Septage Board’.10
Urban Poor (BSUP), Rajiv Awas Yojna (RAY), etc.,
provided funds for asset creation in urban sanitation 9 Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India, Rapid Assessment Tool
sector, such as individual toilets, community of MoUD on FSSM, 2016.
toilet blocks, wastewater disposal, and treatment
facilities, at the city level. However, the National 10 Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), 2016. Circular to states - DO
Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) of 20088 brought No. MD-SBM/AA/63/2016. New Delhi: Government of India.
about a paradigm shift in India’s approach from
‘conventional centralized sewerage network’
approach of urban sanitation to a more ‘holistic
8 Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Government of India, 2008.
National Urban Sanitation Policy 2008. From http://www.moud.gov.
in/policies/NUSPpolicy, Accessed on July 3, 2016.
DECEMBER 2016 3
