Page 7 - Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) Towards Cleaning India: A Policy Perspective
P. 7
Policy Brief
Sewerage status of settlements (authorized vs. unauthorized; legal
vs. illegal) and a large floating population. The investments
Septic tanks in sanitation infrastructure are often problematic with the
poor and marginalized population being side-lined in the
Other planning and decision-making process.
improved
Another important aspect is safe management of faecal
Unimproved waste. This comprises several stages along the ‘faecal
waste management chain’, from containment through
Open emptying, transport, treatment, and reuse or disposal.
defecation A new Global Integrated Monitoring Initiative is being
developed to monitor elements of sustainable water and
Figure 5: Faecal waste management framework sanitation management that were not previously covered
Source: JMP Update 2015 under MDG monitoring. In the example shown in Figure
5, green arrows represent safe flows, while red arrows
Various field studies on poor toilet usage have pointed indicate unsafe discharges to the environment. Reliable
towards lack of awareness of the importance of sanitation data are scarce, but it is estimated that the majority of
and hygiene and their impacts on health. Lack of water faecal wastes in India are currently discharged unsafely
access in sanitation facilities, poor construction standard into the environment as shown in Figure 6. The urban
of government-built toilets are also important reasons infrastructure requirement for the period 2012-31 for
for non-usage of toilets. Triggering behavioural change to sewerage is estimated at `242688 Crores.23
ensure usage as well as proper operation and maintenance
of facilities is critical. The sectoral mind-set needs to change Solid Waste Management
from a singular focus on asset creation towards issues of
equity, quality of service delivery, and sustainability. Besides As per CPCB report of 2012-13, about 1,33,760 metric
all the constrains mentioned above, the issue of effective tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated daily.
sanitation coverage for slum population in urban India Out of this, only 91,152 tonnes per day (TPD) waste is
is particularly difficult as it is often linked to the tenure collected and 25,884 TPD treated. The CPCB Annual
Report 2013 reveals that only 68% of the MSW generated
in the country is collected of which, 28% is treated by the
Figure 6: Status of toilets in Urban households in India24
Source: MoUD-CPHEEO Manual of Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems – Part A
23 High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC) Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services, 2011.
24 MoUD-CPHEEO Manual of Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems-Part A, 2012
FEBRUARY 2016 7
Sewerage status of settlements (authorized vs. unauthorized; legal
vs. illegal) and a large floating population. The investments
Septic tanks in sanitation infrastructure are often problematic with the
poor and marginalized population being side-lined in the
Other planning and decision-making process.
improved
Another important aspect is safe management of faecal
Unimproved waste. This comprises several stages along the ‘faecal
waste management chain’, from containment through
Open emptying, transport, treatment, and reuse or disposal.
defecation A new Global Integrated Monitoring Initiative is being
developed to monitor elements of sustainable water and
Figure 5: Faecal waste management framework sanitation management that were not previously covered
Source: JMP Update 2015 under MDG monitoring. In the example shown in Figure
5, green arrows represent safe flows, while red arrows
Various field studies on poor toilet usage have pointed indicate unsafe discharges to the environment. Reliable
towards lack of awareness of the importance of sanitation data are scarce, but it is estimated that the majority of
and hygiene and their impacts on health. Lack of water faecal wastes in India are currently discharged unsafely
access in sanitation facilities, poor construction standard into the environment as shown in Figure 6. The urban
of government-built toilets are also important reasons infrastructure requirement for the period 2012-31 for
for non-usage of toilets. Triggering behavioural change to sewerage is estimated at `242688 Crores.23
ensure usage as well as proper operation and maintenance
of facilities is critical. The sectoral mind-set needs to change Solid Waste Management
from a singular focus on asset creation towards issues of
equity, quality of service delivery, and sustainability. Besides As per CPCB report of 2012-13, about 1,33,760 metric
all the constrains mentioned above, the issue of effective tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated daily.
sanitation coverage for slum population in urban India Out of this, only 91,152 tonnes per day (TPD) waste is
is particularly difficult as it is often linked to the tenure collected and 25,884 TPD treated. The CPCB Annual
Report 2013 reveals that only 68% of the MSW generated
in the country is collected of which, 28% is treated by the
Figure 6: Status of toilets in Urban households in India24
Source: MoUD-CPHEEO Manual of Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems – Part A
23 High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC) Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services, 2011.
24 MoUD-CPHEEO Manual of Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems-Part A, 2012
FEBRUARY 2016 7
