Page 19 - Breathing Cleaner Air - Ten Scalable Solutions for Indian Cities
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15 Clean Air Mission for India - Ten Solutions
intermediate solution. Considering air pollution 6. Convert agriculture residues and farm manure to
mitigation and health concern as the primary electricity for rural power and biomass pellets for
objective, only stoves with thermal efficiency of 50% women who depend on biomass stoves.
or more with a forced draft fan should be promoted,
as these drastically cut black carbon emissions This strategy aims at developing and customizing
and comply with WHO emission standards. Cook gasification technologies for converting agri-waste
stove dissemination programmes need to combine into useful energy. Pilot-scale studies need to be
marketing efforts with research and development initiated in states, such as Punjab and Haryana to test
and should take into account the social, cultural, and develop gasification-based facilities for power
and economic considerations to ensure higher generation/co-generation using agricultural residues.
acceptability and effective adoption. A proper supply The studies need to focus on competing uses of
chain system for repair maintenance and availability agriculture residue and economic viability of power
of spares needs to be created as well as a complete generation from agricultural residue. The second step
market value chain that provides efficient after sales. in this direction has to focus on developing a market
Finally, cookstoves should be properly monitored for value chain for biomass collection, processing, and
usage as carried out under Project Surya, a joint effort usage. The third step needs to be on the introduction
of Nexleaf, University of California, San Diego and of state-of-the-art technology for gasification
TERI. The project pioneered the use of Stove Usage and waste to-energy conversion. Dedicated R&D
Monitoring System and Result Based Financing programmes should be launched for technological
wherein users were provided financial credits for use improvements to improve suitability for various
of stoves. This way we can promote business models types of agricultural residues for power generation.
to reward women who mitigate emissions from There is a need to develop mini grids and generate
traditional biomass stoves. power with fuel Cells fueled by biogas generated
from agricultural waste. Technologies for this exist
Induction stoves (powered by solar or gas) should which need to be scaled up.
be made available at a subsidized price, particularly
for states with high electrification rates (Himachal Biomass should be pelletized into short, narrow
Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Uttarakhand, etc.). cylinders that are handled more like a processed solid
fuel. Pellets also have a combustion profile similar
Agriculture Sector to liquid fuels and this provide a ready alternative
for meeting household, industrial, and institutional
5. Develop business models for collection, transport, fuel demand. The use of pellets and processed fuel
and storage of agriculture residues and farm should be incentivized for use in thermal and power
manure. gasification systems.
This strategy aims at reducing open burning of Solutions 5 and 6 will eliminate black and organic carbon
agricultural residues. We recomend using them particles from open fires and reduce ozone formation by
as a source of energy. Business models focussing cutting methane, VOCs, and CO emissions.
on economic viability of these needs should be
developed. Village-level institutions need to be
involved in collection, storage, and supply of biomass
materials and to link with MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) and
other livelihood generation schemes. Bank finance
should be made available to CBOs (Community Based
Organizations) for setting up biomass supply chain
and pellet production facility. Biomass depots should
be set up to address fluctuation of raw material prices
to support farmers and consumers during season and
off-season period.
intermediate solution. Considering air pollution 6. Convert agriculture residues and farm manure to
mitigation and health concern as the primary electricity for rural power and biomass pellets for
objective, only stoves with thermal efficiency of 50% women who depend on biomass stoves.
or more with a forced draft fan should be promoted,
as these drastically cut black carbon emissions This strategy aims at developing and customizing
and comply with WHO emission standards. Cook gasification technologies for converting agri-waste
stove dissemination programmes need to combine into useful energy. Pilot-scale studies need to be
marketing efforts with research and development initiated in states, such as Punjab and Haryana to test
and should take into account the social, cultural, and develop gasification-based facilities for power
and economic considerations to ensure higher generation/co-generation using agricultural residues.
acceptability and effective adoption. A proper supply The studies need to focus on competing uses of
chain system for repair maintenance and availability agriculture residue and economic viability of power
of spares needs to be created as well as a complete generation from agricultural residue. The second step
market value chain that provides efficient after sales. in this direction has to focus on developing a market
Finally, cookstoves should be properly monitored for value chain for biomass collection, processing, and
usage as carried out under Project Surya, a joint effort usage. The third step needs to be on the introduction
of Nexleaf, University of California, San Diego and of state-of-the-art technology for gasification
TERI. The project pioneered the use of Stove Usage and waste to-energy conversion. Dedicated R&D
Monitoring System and Result Based Financing programmes should be launched for technological
wherein users were provided financial credits for use improvements to improve suitability for various
of stoves. This way we can promote business models types of agricultural residues for power generation.
to reward women who mitigate emissions from There is a need to develop mini grids and generate
traditional biomass stoves. power with fuel Cells fueled by biogas generated
from agricultural waste. Technologies for this exist
Induction stoves (powered by solar or gas) should which need to be scaled up.
be made available at a subsidized price, particularly
for states with high electrification rates (Himachal Biomass should be pelletized into short, narrow
Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Uttarakhand, etc.). cylinders that are handled more like a processed solid
fuel. Pellets also have a combustion profile similar
Agriculture Sector to liquid fuels and this provide a ready alternative
for meeting household, industrial, and institutional
5. Develop business models for collection, transport, fuel demand. The use of pellets and processed fuel
and storage of agriculture residues and farm should be incentivized for use in thermal and power
manure. gasification systems.
This strategy aims at reducing open burning of Solutions 5 and 6 will eliminate black and organic carbon
agricultural residues. We recomend using them particles from open fires and reduce ozone formation by
as a source of energy. Business models focussing cutting methane, VOCs, and CO emissions.
on economic viability of these needs should be
developed. Village-level institutions need to be
involved in collection, storage, and supply of biomass
materials and to link with MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) and
other livelihood generation schemes. Bank finance
should be made available to CBOs (Community Based
Organizations) for setting up biomass supply chain
and pellet production facility. Biomass depots should
be set up to address fluctuation of raw material prices
to support farmers and consumers during season and
off-season period.
