Page 20 - Breathing Cleaner Air - Ten Scalable Solutions for Indian Cities
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Clean Air Mission for India - Ten Solutions 16
Industrial and Power Sectors assigned for a region and allocations should be
made for each of the contributing large industries
7. Adopt cleaner and efficient production within that region. Stacks should be monitored on
technologies a continuous basis and the industries should be
allowed to trade emission credits. India is trying the
Technological intervention in industries can ETS schemes in three industrial clusters in Gujarat,
improve energy efficiency, reduce emissions, and Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. The scheme needs
result in financial savings. Cleaner (gaseous/liquid) to be scaled up to other important industrial
fuels, wherever possible, should be supplied in the clusters with targets established for PM and SO2
industries near highly populated and polluted cities. emission control.
Industries need to shift to cleaner fuels as mandated
or through the use of economic instruments. India’s 9. Implement stringent emission standards to control
power generation industry is already moving towards gaseous pollutants (NOx, SO2) and fine particulate
super-critical technologies which ensure lower coal (black carbon and fly ash) emissions from both
consumption and hence, lower emissions of both power plants and big industries.
GHG and air pollutants. We recommend the use of
low NOx burners to ensure lower NOx emissions. In addition to market-based instruments such as ETS,
Advanced brick manufacturing technologies like ‘command and control’ emissions standards should
vertical shaft kilns, hoffman kilns, and tunnel kilns, be set to limit emissions of gaseous pollutants (NOx,
should be promoted with the use of fiscal instruments SO2) and fine particulate emissions from both coal-
to ensure lower black carbon emissions from the and gas-based power plants, and other big industries.
brick industry. We also recommend improvements This will lead to introduction of control technologies
in air conditioning technology to improve energy (such as wet flue gas desulphurization [FGDs] units)
efficiency of room air conditioners for urban in all big industries that rely on sulphur-based fuels.
households. Improving AC energy efficiency in urban Strict monitoring and maintenance of electrostatic
households can reduce air pollution equivalent to 60 precipitators (ESPs) and other control equipments for
to 140 medium-sized peak power plants by 2030 efficient tail pipe controls should be ensured.
(Shah et al, 2015a), while also reducing pollution from
diesel generators used during blackouts. Solutions 7, 8, and 9 will both reduce PM levels by
reducing emissions of sulphates, nitrates, fly ash, black
carbon, and mitigate ozone formation through reduction
in NOx. Additionally, there is a need to randomise the
vigilance and enforcement process to reduce possibilities
of manipulations and corruption. Institutes of highest
reputation and capacity should be involved in carrying
out third-party audits of industries. All major industries
should be directed to carry out continuous monitoring
and reporting of their emissions.
8. Deploy national Emission Trading Schemes (ETS) Dust and Waste
with cap-and-trade for power generation and
other large polluting industries. 10. Wall-to-wall paving of streets and vacuum
cleaning of roads; enforce ban on open burning of
These schemes should be developed on the lines of solid waste; management of waste and recovery of
the carbon trading schemes and should be enforced methane from landfills.
in large industries. A cap on emissions should be
Dust and waste burning is a major source of PM in
cities. Solution 10 will drastically cut contribution
of dust to PM levels in cities. Proper construction,
maintenance, and cleaning of roads should be
ensured with random tests and checks and IT-
Industrial and Power Sectors assigned for a region and allocations should be
made for each of the contributing large industries
7. Adopt cleaner and efficient production within that region. Stacks should be monitored on
technologies a continuous basis and the industries should be
allowed to trade emission credits. India is trying the
Technological intervention in industries can ETS schemes in three industrial clusters in Gujarat,
improve energy efficiency, reduce emissions, and Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. The scheme needs
result in financial savings. Cleaner (gaseous/liquid) to be scaled up to other important industrial
fuels, wherever possible, should be supplied in the clusters with targets established for PM and SO2
industries near highly populated and polluted cities. emission control.
Industries need to shift to cleaner fuels as mandated
or through the use of economic instruments. India’s 9. Implement stringent emission standards to control
power generation industry is already moving towards gaseous pollutants (NOx, SO2) and fine particulate
super-critical technologies which ensure lower coal (black carbon and fly ash) emissions from both
consumption and hence, lower emissions of both power plants and big industries.
GHG and air pollutants. We recommend the use of
low NOx burners to ensure lower NOx emissions. In addition to market-based instruments such as ETS,
Advanced brick manufacturing technologies like ‘command and control’ emissions standards should
vertical shaft kilns, hoffman kilns, and tunnel kilns, be set to limit emissions of gaseous pollutants (NOx,
should be promoted with the use of fiscal instruments SO2) and fine particulate emissions from both coal-
to ensure lower black carbon emissions from the and gas-based power plants, and other big industries.
brick industry. We also recommend improvements This will lead to introduction of control technologies
in air conditioning technology to improve energy (such as wet flue gas desulphurization [FGDs] units)
efficiency of room air conditioners for urban in all big industries that rely on sulphur-based fuels.
households. Improving AC energy efficiency in urban Strict monitoring and maintenance of electrostatic
households can reduce air pollution equivalent to 60 precipitators (ESPs) and other control equipments for
to 140 medium-sized peak power plants by 2030 efficient tail pipe controls should be ensured.
(Shah et al, 2015a), while also reducing pollution from
diesel generators used during blackouts. Solutions 7, 8, and 9 will both reduce PM levels by
reducing emissions of sulphates, nitrates, fly ash, black
carbon, and mitigate ozone formation through reduction
in NOx. Additionally, there is a need to randomise the
vigilance and enforcement process to reduce possibilities
of manipulations and corruption. Institutes of highest
reputation and capacity should be involved in carrying
out third-party audits of industries. All major industries
should be directed to carry out continuous monitoring
and reporting of their emissions.
8. Deploy national Emission Trading Schemes (ETS) Dust and Waste
with cap-and-trade for power generation and
other large polluting industries. 10. Wall-to-wall paving of streets and vacuum
cleaning of roads; enforce ban on open burning of
These schemes should be developed on the lines of solid waste; management of waste and recovery of
the carbon trading schemes and should be enforced methane from landfills.
in large industries. A cap on emissions should be
Dust and waste burning is a major source of PM in
cities. Solution 10 will drastically cut contribution
of dust to PM levels in cities. Proper construction,
maintenance, and cleaning of roads should be
ensured with random tests and checks and IT-
