Page 4 - Sustainable Urban Development: Necessity of Integrating Water-Energy-Food Dimensions in Developmental Policies
P. 4
Policy Brief
Table 1: Sustainable Development Goals influencing Nexus Issues
Nexus sector Goals Salient points
Water Goal no.6: Clean water and 6.1. Universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water
sanitation 6.3.Improve water quality , increasing recycling and safe use
6.4. Increase water use efficiency, reduction in the number of people suffering water scarcity
6.5.Implementation of integrated water resources management
6.6.Protect and restore water related ecosystems-mountains, forests, rivers, wetlands, lakes and aquifers
Energy Goal no.7: Affordable and 7.1. Universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
clean energy 7.2. Increase the share of renewable energy
7.3. improvement in energy efficiency
7.3.a. enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology
Food Goal no.2: Zero hunger 2.1.Access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food
2.4. To ensure sustainable food production and implement resilient agricultural practices.
2.5.c. Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets, access to market information, including
of food reserves and help limit extreme food price volatility.
Goal no.12: Responsible 12.3. Halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and
consumption and supply chains
production
Cross Cutting Goal no.11: Sustainable 11.5. Significantly reduce the number of deaths and people affected caused by disasters including water-related disasters.
across all sectors cities and communities 11.7.b.Substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies,
and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disaster
Goal no.13: Climate action 13.1. Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related hazards and natural disasters
13.2.Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
Goal no.15: Life on land 15.9: Integrate ecosystem and biodiversity into national and local planning and developmental processes
WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS IN GURUGRAM CITY
TERI conducted a study to assess the water energy and food inter linkages across food consumption chain of an urban ecosystem, with specific reference to Gurugram city. Total
water supply in Gurugram (Gurgaon) is 5224 million cubic metres (MCM) annually, which does not suffice the present demand which is 42% more than the water supplied to
different sectors. It has been estimated by Town and Country Planning of Haryana that Non-revenue water (NRW) in urban areas of Haryana Sub-region accounts for almost
10%-55%. The district has been categorized as overexploited for its groundwater reserves. Following were the findings of the study:
• Water required for cooking food per day is 11 MLD, which constitutes 6% of the total water demand (184 MLD) of the city at present.This water requirement includes water for
cooking as well as washing utensils.
• The city needs more than one lakh kg of energy in the form of LPG for cooking raw food and requires 854.64 MWh of electricity in consumption of food other than cooking.This
includes reheating, processing and storage of foods using electrical appliances.
• The city also needs 114.6 MWh of energy in the form of electricity for pumping water into the storage tanks which is further used for cooking along with other purposes like
washing clothes, sanitation, flushing and floor cleaning.
• Water demand in food consumption (cooking and washing utensils) by the end users is expected to increase by 2.5 times for Gurgaon city and 1.5 times for urban India by 2031.
• Similarly, energy demand for cooking food and for food other than cooking is expected to increase by 4 and 2 times for Gurgaon city and urban India respectively putting stress
on the natural resource base of the city as well as the country.
• High income group respondents residing in organized sectors consume 12 and 5 percent excessive water and energy respectively at food consumption level than middle and
low income group.
schemes for urban development in the country. The water supply and replacement of old and worn out
first central level efforts to provide drinking water in pipes in 63 identified cities. Urban Infrastructure
towns and cities were undertaken in Sixth Five Year Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns
Plan (1979) through Integrated Development of Small (UIDSSMT) is a component of JnNURM and includes
and Medium Towns followed by Accelerated Urban all urban infrastructure development including water
Water Supply Program (AUWSP) during Eighth Five supply and sewerage in small and medium towns.
Year Plan. JnNURM started the reform process in the history
of urban India at National level. The program had a
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission positive impact on the nexus sector as it provided
in 2005 was a landmark shift in urban sector that laid access to better quality water infrastructure services
emphasisonthepreservationofwaterbodies,adequate
4 OCTOBER 2016
Table 1: Sustainable Development Goals influencing Nexus Issues
Nexus sector Goals Salient points
Water Goal no.6: Clean water and 6.1. Universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water
sanitation 6.3.Improve water quality , increasing recycling and safe use
6.4. Increase water use efficiency, reduction in the number of people suffering water scarcity
6.5.Implementation of integrated water resources management
6.6.Protect and restore water related ecosystems-mountains, forests, rivers, wetlands, lakes and aquifers
Energy Goal no.7: Affordable and 7.1. Universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
clean energy 7.2. Increase the share of renewable energy
7.3. improvement in energy efficiency
7.3.a. enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology
Food Goal no.2: Zero hunger 2.1.Access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food
2.4. To ensure sustainable food production and implement resilient agricultural practices.
2.5.c. Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets, access to market information, including
of food reserves and help limit extreme food price volatility.
Goal no.12: Responsible 12.3. Halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and
consumption and supply chains
production
Cross Cutting Goal no.11: Sustainable 11.5. Significantly reduce the number of deaths and people affected caused by disasters including water-related disasters.
across all sectors cities and communities 11.7.b.Substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies,
and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disaster
Goal no.13: Climate action 13.1. Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related hazards and natural disasters
13.2.Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
Goal no.15: Life on land 15.9: Integrate ecosystem and biodiversity into national and local planning and developmental processes
WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS IN GURUGRAM CITY
TERI conducted a study to assess the water energy and food inter linkages across food consumption chain of an urban ecosystem, with specific reference to Gurugram city. Total
water supply in Gurugram (Gurgaon) is 5224 million cubic metres (MCM) annually, which does not suffice the present demand which is 42% more than the water supplied to
different sectors. It has been estimated by Town and Country Planning of Haryana that Non-revenue water (NRW) in urban areas of Haryana Sub-region accounts for almost
10%-55%. The district has been categorized as overexploited for its groundwater reserves. Following were the findings of the study:
• Water required for cooking food per day is 11 MLD, which constitutes 6% of the total water demand (184 MLD) of the city at present.This water requirement includes water for
cooking as well as washing utensils.
• The city needs more than one lakh kg of energy in the form of LPG for cooking raw food and requires 854.64 MWh of electricity in consumption of food other than cooking.This
includes reheating, processing and storage of foods using electrical appliances.
• The city also needs 114.6 MWh of energy in the form of electricity for pumping water into the storage tanks which is further used for cooking along with other purposes like
washing clothes, sanitation, flushing and floor cleaning.
• Water demand in food consumption (cooking and washing utensils) by the end users is expected to increase by 2.5 times for Gurgaon city and 1.5 times for urban India by 2031.
• Similarly, energy demand for cooking food and for food other than cooking is expected to increase by 4 and 2 times for Gurgaon city and urban India respectively putting stress
on the natural resource base of the city as well as the country.
• High income group respondents residing in organized sectors consume 12 and 5 percent excessive water and energy respectively at food consumption level than middle and
low income group.
schemes for urban development in the country. The water supply and replacement of old and worn out
first central level efforts to provide drinking water in pipes in 63 identified cities. Urban Infrastructure
towns and cities were undertaken in Sixth Five Year Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns
Plan (1979) through Integrated Development of Small (UIDSSMT) is a component of JnNURM and includes
and Medium Towns followed by Accelerated Urban all urban infrastructure development including water
Water Supply Program (AUWSP) during Eighth Five supply and sewerage in small and medium towns.
Year Plan. JnNURM started the reform process in the history
of urban India at National level. The program had a
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission positive impact on the nexus sector as it provided
in 2005 was a landmark shift in urban sector that laid access to better quality water infrastructure services
emphasisonthepreservationofwaterbodies,adequate
4 OCTOBER 2016
